JATAED: Journal of Appropriate Technology for Agriculture, Environment, and Development
JATAED: Journal of Appropriate Technology for Agriculture, Environment, and Development is an international, multidisciplinary, peer-reviewed and open-access journal that provides a platform to produce high-quality original research, Reviews, Letters, and case reports in natural, social, applied, formal sciences, arts, and all other related fields. Our aim is to ameliorate the speedy distribution of new research ideas and results and allow the researchers to create new knowledge, studies, and innovations that will aid as a reference tool for the future. Articles sent to the JATAED may not be published elsewhere. The manuscript must follow the author guidelines provided by JATAED and must be reviewed and edited. JATAED is published by Lembaga Kajian Pembangunan Pertanian dan Lingkungan (LKPPL), a Research Institute in Banda Aceh, Aceh Province, Indonesia.
LEMBAGA KAJIAN PEMBANGUNAN PERTANIAN DAN LINGKUNGAN (LKPPL)
Design and Implementation of an IoT-Based Dust Exposure Monitoring System for Marble Cutting Activities in Campus Environment
Marble cutting activities in campus workshop environments generate substantial concentrations of airborne particulate matter, particularly PM2.5 and PM10, which pose serious risks to occupational health and ambient air quality. This study presents the design, implementation, and experimental evaluation of a real-time IoT-based dust exposure monitoring system with emphasis on sensing performance, data reliability, and environmental analysis. The system employs a laser scattering dust sensor (PMS7003) integrated with an ESP8266 microcontroller for data acquisition and edge preprocessing, and utilizes Wi-Fi communication with the MQTT protocol for low-latency data transmission to a cloud-based monitoring platform. Sensor calibration was conducted using linear regression against a reference air quality monitor, resulting in improved measurement accuracy with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.96 for PM2.5 and 0.94 for PM10. The system operates with a 5-second sampling interval and applies a moving average filter (window size = 5) to reduce signal noise. Experimental deployment was carried out in a campus marble workshop over a 5-day observation period. Results indicate that during active cutting sessions, PM2.5 concentrations ranged from 85 to 210 µg/m³ and PM10 from 120 to 350 µg/m³, significantly exceeding WHO air quality guidelines (PM2.5: 15 µg/m³, PM10: 45 µg/m³, 24-hour mean). Peak concentrations were observed within the first 10 minutes of operation, followed by gradual dispersion depending on ventilation conditions. Network performance evaluation shows an average transmission latency of 1.8 seconds, packet delivery ratio of 97.2%, and system uptime of 99% over the testing period. Power consumption analysis indicates an average current draw of 82 mA, enabling efficient long-term deployment. The results confirm that the proposed system provides accurate, stable, and high-resolution monitoring of particulate pollution, supporting real-time decision-making for exposure mitigation and smart environmental management in campus settings.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rudi Arif Candra, Depi Ginting, Dirja Nur Ilham, Arie Budiansyah, Erwinsyah Sipahutar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Performance Evaluation of a Microcontroller-Based Automatic Fish Weighing System Using Load Cell Sensor
The rapid advancement of automation technology in the fisheries sector has increased the demand for efficient and accurate fish weight measurement systems. Conventional manual weighing methods are often time-consuming and prone to human error, particularly in high-volume environments. This study aims to evaluate the performance of a microcontroller-based automatic fish weighing system using a load cell sensor with real-time output. The proposed system integrates a load cell sensor with an HX711 amplifier module and an Arduino Uno microcontroller to measure fish weight and display results instantly via an LCD. The performance evaluation focuses on key parameters, including accuracy, measurement error, response time, and system stability. Experimental testing was conducted by comparing prototype measurements with a standard digital scale under various load conditions. The results indicate that the system achieves high accuracy exceeding 98%, with an average error below 2%. The response time ranges between 1–2 seconds, demonstrating the system’s capability for real-time applications. Additionally, the system exhibits good stability with minimal fluctuations in repeated measurements. These findings suggest that the proposed prototype is reliable and efficient for practical use in aquaculture and fish market environments. The system also supports digital transformation in fisheries through improved measurement accuracy, reduced human error, and enhanced operational efficiency.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dirja Nur Ilham, Muhammad Khoiruddin Harahap, Muhammed Saat Talib, Douglas pardede https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
4G LTE (Long Term Evolution) Network Optimization Using Physical Tuning Methods for the Kubu Gulai Bancah Area.
This study aims to optimize the 4G LTE network in the Kubu Gulai Bancah area, West Sumatra, which is a suburban area with weak signal and unstable internet speed challenges. The main problem identified is that the network quality is not yet optimal based on Telkomsel's Key Performance Indicator (KPI) parameters, as well as the need for an appropriate optimization method to improve this quality. The research methodology involves a drive test using the G-NetTrack Pro application on a Redmi Note 13 Pro 5G smartphone to collect RSRP, SINR, and Throughput data. The collected data is then processed using MapInfo for visualization and analysis, and simulated with Atoll software for optimization planning. Initial drive test results showed that while RSRP was mostly in the “very good” category (55%) and Throughput was predominantly ‘good’ (84%), SINR was still dominated by the “poor” category (56%). Optimization was performed using physical tuning, specifically adjusting the tilt and re-azimuth of the antenna at Site Campago Ipuh 2, Sector 1, with an azimuth change from 0° to 65°. After optimization, the bad spot area for RSRP decreased from 13.2% to 10.89%, and for SINR from 14.1% to 13.21%. The good category for Throughput also increased from 30.5% to 32%. This optimization successfully improved signal coverage quality and network performance significantly.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Naufal Az Zaky, Zurnawita Zurnawita , Amelia Yolanda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Design And Analysis of Optical Line Terminal (OLT) And Optical Distribution Cabinet (ODC) Devices In The Fiber To The Home (FTTH) Network Trainer Module In The G316 Laboratory, Building G, State Polytechnic Of Padang
This study aims to design and analyze the performance of Optical Line Terminal (OLT) and Optical Distribution Cabinet (ODC) devices in the Fiber to the Home (FTTH) network trainer module at the SKSO G316 Laboratory, Padang State Polytechnic. The research methods included design simulation using Optisystem software, physical implementation of the trainer module, and attenuation measurement using an Optical Power Meter (OPM). The results show that attenuation under normal core conditions (orange) is stable in the range of 14.94–16.23 dB, while core bending (green) and core damage (blue) conditions cause a significant increase in attenuation to 16.28 dB and 16.01 dB at a wavelength of 1310 nm. The length of the dropcore cable (10 m, 15 m, 20 m) showed an effect on the increase in attenuation with an additional attenuation increase of 0.9 dB per 5 meters. The simulation results and actual measurements are consistent with the link power budget calculations and meet the technical specifications with total attenuation below the maximum limit of -28 dB. This trainer module is useful as a learning medium for analyzing FTTH network performance and the impact of physical disturbances on optical fiber transmission.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fachri Adrian, Yulindon https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Analysis of the Advantages and Disadvantages of Using MikroTik in Computer Network Implementation
The rapid growth of information technology has increased the demand for reliable, secure, and efficient computer network infrastructures. MikroTik is widely adopted as a cost-effective networking solution, particularly for small to medium-scale networks. This study aims to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of using MikroTik in computer network implementations based on previous empirical studies. This research employs a literature review method by analyzing more than fifteen scientific articles published within the last five years. The reviewed studies focus on bandwidth management, firewall configuration, network security, Quality of Service (QoS), and network monitoring using MikroTik RouterOS. The findings indicate that MikroTik offers several advantages, including flexible configuration, comprehensive RouterOS features, effective bandwidth management, and relatively low implementation costs. However, several limitations were identified, such as configuration complexity, non-optimal default security settings, performance degradation under high traffic loads, and limited scalability for large enterprise networks. With proper configuration and the integration of additional security mechanisms, MikroTik remains an effective and efficient solution for small to medium-scale network implementations.
Copyright (c) 2026 Khazanatul Asrar, Dirja Nur Ilham, Muhammad Khoiruddin Harahap, T. Sukma Achriadi Sukiman, Nurul Hamdi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Computer Network Security: A Review And Implementation For Beginner Users
Computer network security has become a crucial aspect in the digital era as users increasingly depend on network technologies for daily activities. Beginner users represent one of the most vulnerable groups to cyber security threats due to limited technical knowledge and low security awareness. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of fundamental concepts, common threat types, and basic network security strategies that are relevant for beginner users. The research method employed is a descriptive literature review of scientific articles and academic publications related to computer network security published between 2018 and 2025. The collected literature was analyzed to identify dominant threats and effective protection mechanisms for beginner users. The results indicate that threats such as malware, phishing, ransomware, and unauthorized access remain major security issues. The implementation of basic security mechanisms, including strong password policies, firewalls, antivirus and anti-malware software, regular system updates, and improved user awareness, has proven effective in minimizing security risks. With adequate understanding and proper implementation of these measures, beginner users are expected to apply network security practices more safely, responsibly, and efficiently.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Farhan, Dirja Nur Ilham https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Network Security Analysis in Internet of Things (IoT) Systems
The rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) has significantly transformed various sectors, including industry, healthcare, smart cities, and agriculture. However, this growth has also increased the complexity and scale of network security vulnerabilities. IoT devices are typically resource-constrained and operate in heterogeneous network environments, making them attractive targets for cyberattacks. This study aims to analyze key network security challenges in IoT systems, evaluate solution technologies proposed in recent literature, and formulate evidence-based recommendations for improving IoT security. The research adopts a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method by examining ten peer-reviewed articles published between 2020 and 2023 and indexed in IEEE Xplore, SpringerLink, and ACM Digital Library. The results indicate that major IoT security challenges include vulnerabilities in communication protocols, limited computational and energy resources, and the increasing prevalence of attacks such as Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS), spoofing, and ransomware. The most frequently proposed solutions involve machine learning-based anomaly detection, lightweight cryptographic mechanisms, layered security architectures using edge–fog–cloud computing, and blockchain integration to enhance authentication and data integrity. This study concludes that IoT security requires a holistic and multidisciplinary approach that integrates multiple complementary technologies within a unified security framework.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nova Oktapiana, Dirja Nur Ilham https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
LTE Network Optimization in Nagari Ulakan and Tapakis, Ulakan Tapakis District, Padang Pariaman Regency
This study aims to optimize the Long Term Evolution (LTE) network in Nagari Ulakan and Nagari Tapakis. The development of mobile telecommunications technology requires improvements in network coverage quality to accommodate increasing user demand and the need for high-speed, reliable data services. Challenges arise due to complex geographical and demographic conditions, which cause signal weaknesses (bad spots) that interfere with service quality. The methodology involves collecting performance data through drive tests using G-Net Track Pro, collecting parameters such as Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), and Signal to Interference Noise Ratio (SINR) from XL Axiata (AXIS). The data was then analyzed to identify performance deficiencies. Network optimization was performed through Automatic Cell Planning (ACP) using Atoll software, enabling better coverage efficiency without the need for significant infrastructure expansion. The results showed significant improvements in key signal quality parameters, especially in previously problematic areas, after applying optimization techniques.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nugraha Saputra, Zurnawita Zurnawita, Firdaus Firdaus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Router as a Data Traffic Controller in Computer Networks
The rapid development of computer networks has led to an increasing demand for efficient and reliable data traffic management. Network complexity, which involves various devices and communication paths, requires systems capable of controlling data flow optimally. A router is a network device that functions as an inter-network connector and determines the best path for data packet transmission. This article aims to examine the role of routers in managing data traffic in computer networks based on a literature review. The method used is a literature study of scientific articles and reference books related to computer networks and routing technologies. The results show that routers play a vital role in improving network performance, optimizing data delivery, and maintaining network stability and security.
Copyright (c) 2025 Kemala Sukma, Dirja Nur Ilham, Rudi Arif Candra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Security And Development Of Modern Computer Networks: A Literature Review On Monitoring, Cyber Threats, And Intelligent Detection Systems
The development of modern computer networks has become a fundamental foundation for the implementation of various digital services in the era of digital transformation. Improvements in network speed, scalability, and integration provide significant benefits for the education, government, industrial, and financial sectors. However, behind these advancements, serious challenges emerge in terms of network security. The increasing complexity of modern network architectures raises the potential for cyber threats that may compromise data confidentiality, integrity, and availability. This study aims to examine the development and security of modern computer networks using a descriptive qualitative approach through a literature review method. Data sources were obtained from scientific articles, academic books, and relevant publications discussing computer networks, network monitoring, cyber threats, and intelligent attack detection systems. The results indicate that cyber threats such as phishing, malware, port scanning, and Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) remain dominant issues. Network monitoring plays an important role as an early detection mechanism, but it has limitations in handling complex and dynamic attacks. Therefore, the implementation of machine learning-based intrusion detection systems is considered capable of enhancing network security effectiveness. The integration of technology, monitoring systems, and improved user security awareness is a key strategy in building adaptive and sustainable network security systems.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dela Susanti, Dirja Nur Ilham https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Appropriate Technology: Concept Evolution and Development Direction
Appropriate Technology (APT) is a technological approach that has developed rapidly since the mid-20th century, particularly in the context of community and economic development in developing countries. This article reviews the evolution of the APT concept, its theoretical foundations, its role in sustainable development, challenges and criticisms, and the direction of research and practice in the modern era. The literature review shows that APT has evolved from a simple technological concept tailored to community needs to a strategic framework that integrates socio-cultural, economic, and environmental aspects within the context of sustainable development and social technological innovation. This article concludes that the future direction of APT development requires strengthening integration with the global sustainability agenda and formulating comprehensive assessment indicators.
Appropriate Technology; Sustainable Development; Social Innovation; Technological Literacy.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Yasar, Jurry Foo, Nor Diana Mohd. Idris https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Analysis Of Quality Of Service (Qos) For Xl's 4g Lte Network In Padang Panjang City
The rapid advancement of telecommunications necessitates continuous improvement in service quality, including 4G LTE networks. Padang Panjang's mountainous geography presents specific challenges, requiring a Quality of Service (QoS) analysis to evaluate public service levels. This study aims to measure and analyze the QoS of XL's 4G LTE network in Padang Panjang based on latency, jitter, packet loss, and throughput.The research employed an experimental method, conducting drive tests on planned routes. Data was collected using a smartphone with the TEMS Pocket application to measure parameters and Wireshark to analyze packet data. Results were processed using TEMS Discovery to assess performance against QoS standards.Findings showed an average throughput of 6.46 Kbps, latency of 0.000358 ms, jitter of 0.000356 ms, and packet loss of 0.3%. According to the TIPHON QoS standard, latency, jitter, and packet loss fall into the excellent category. However, throughput is classified as very poor. This indicates that while the XL 4G LTE network in Padang Panjang is stable and capable of supporting real-time services like VoIP and video conferencing, its data transfer speed performance remains severely inadequate. The study concludes that significant improvement in throughput is needed to meet overall service quality expectations.
Copyright (c) 2026 Taufik Hidayat, Zurnawita, Popy Maria https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
AI and Data Analytics for Precision Agriculture: Current Progress and Future Directions
The application of artificial intelligence (AI) and data analytics to support farming operations and ensure a higher complexity of farming practices is what underlies precision agriculture with the purpose of promoting sustainability, higher productivity, and optimization of farming practices. Through the combination of sensor, drone, and satellite data, along with the use of IoT devices, AI-driven systems enable real-time monitoring, prediction, and decision-making. Its current applications are crop monitoring, yield prediction, pest and disease detection, soil nutrient management and optimization of irrigation. Despite the challenges of high costs, data constraints, and technological hurdles, new trends such as edge AI, digital twins, autonomous machinery, and climate-smart solutions will enable widespread adoption. The present review indicates the recent advances, issues, and perspectives of AI-enabled precision agriculture.
AI, Data Analytics; Precision Agriculture; Machine Learning; Crop Monitoring; Sustainable Farming; IoT
Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmad Jamal, Hassan Raza, Tsendayush Erdenetsogt, A Singh, Mazhar Farooq, Muhammad Mohsin Kabeer, Muhammad Shahrukh Aslam https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Design of a Real-Time Voltage Monitoring System for PLN and Generator Using Telegram and ESP32
In modern society, electricity is essential for both daily life and industrial operations. Frequent power outages in Indonesia frequently cause disruptions to household, office, and industrial operations, especially during periods of high demand. As a solution, generator sets (gensets) are commonly used as backup power sources. However, manual checks are still used in many installations for monitoring and switching between PLN (State Electricity Company) and genset sources, which can raise operational risks and delay response times. While switching is addressed by existing systems like Automatic Transfer Switches (ATS), they typically do not include real-time notifications or integrated remote monitoring. Using an ESP32 microcontroller and PZEM-004T voltage sensors, along with the Telegram Bot API, this study suggests designing and implementing a real-time voltage monitoring system. The system finds the active source, measures voltage from PLN and genset sources, and instantly alerts users via Telegram. In comparison to a calibrated multimeter, performance testing reveals an average notification delay of less than 5 seconds and a voltage reading error margin of less than ±2%. By offering an affordable, scalable, and interactive monitoring solution, the developed system fills in the gaps in earlier research. It improves responsiveness and dependability in settings that need constant electrical monitoring by giving users access to real-time updates on voltage levels and power source status.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ricky Wahyudi, Prabawa, Reski Eka Putra, Fadhel Winarta, Reski Yulian Fauzan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Network Design and Activation Fiber to The Building (FTTB) and Measurement of The Damage Value of Optical Distribution Frame (ODF) To Optical Distribution Cabinet (ODC)
The need for high-speed internet continues to increase with technological developments. Fiber to the Building (FTTB) is a solution for providing fast internet access to commercial and residential buildings. However, the main challenge in maintaining network quality is attenuation in fiber optic cables, especially at connections. This research aims to analyze the effect of pigtail cable length and connection quality on the total attenuation from the Optical Distribution Frame (ODF) to the Optical Distribution Cabinet (ODC) in the FTTB network, both before and after activation. The research method uses pigtail cables of varying lengths, from 30 cm to 150 cm. Some connections are carried out according to Standard Operating Procedures (SOP), while others are not, to measure the effect of connection quality on attenuation. Measurements were carried out using an Optical Power Meter (OPM) and Passive Optical Network (PON) technology with an SFP of 8 dB. The research results show that connections that comply with the SOP produce lower attenuation, namely 7.16 dB on a 150 cm cable, 7.09 dB on a 120 cm cable, and 6.99 dB on a 100 cm cable. On the other hand, connections that do not comply with the SOP produce higher attenuation, namely 8.15 dB on an 80 cm cable, 8.08 dB on a 50 cm cable, and 8.02 dB on a 30 cm cable. This research contributes to the optimization of FTTB network installations.
Fiber to The Building; attenuation; Optical Distribution Frame; Optical Distribution Cabinet.
Copyright (c) 2025 Eka Safitri, Aprinal Adila Asril, Rikki Vitria https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Factors Related To Assertive Behavior Of Nurses At South Aceh District Hospital
Assertive behavior is very important in fostering interpersonal relationships and is a behavior that focuses on win-win solution. The results of interviews conducted by South Aceh Regional Public Hospital occasionally occur internal conflicts among nurses in the team due to ineffective communication, showing passive attitude in building relationships, time discipline, division of labor, contract nurses who feel discouraged and underestimated by colleagues until the perceived unjust treatment. The purpose of research to determine the factors associated with assertive behavior of nurses at South Aceh General Hospital in 2024. The design of this study using descriptive correlative with cross sectional study approach. Sampling was done by using total population technique amounted to 73 respondents. This research has been conducted at South Aceh General Hospital by distributing questionnaires from 02-04 August 2024. Data analysis using chi-square test. The result of the research showed that high knowledge was 40 respondents (54,8%), positive attitude 41 respondents (56,2%), positive self concept 37 respondents (50,7%), positive social support 45 respondents (61, 6%), assertive behavior of nurses at South Aceh General Hospital was mostly positive as many as 39 respondents (53.4%). The result of statistical test shows that there is correlation of knowledge (p = 0,016), attitude (p = 0,002), self concept (p = 0,026) and social support (p = 0,008) with assertive behavior of nurse at South Aceh Public Hospital 2024. Expected to the South Aceh Regional Public Hospital in order to conduct conflict management training to improve the performance of health personnel so that they can carry out their responsibilities properly and to prevent negative assertion.
Knowledge, Attitude, Self Concept, Social Support, Assertive Behavior.
Copyright (c) 2024 Cut Rahmi, Orisinal, Oriza Satifa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Manufacturing A Fiber Optic Based Trainer Module Using The Star Topology Method Using Optical Distribution Point (Odp) And Optical Termination Box (Otb)
Optical fiber is a transmission medium made from glass that is used to transmit information in the form of light. As time goes by, the need for fast telecommunications services in data exchange is increasing. However, there are problems with optical fibers such as high attenuation or connection errors that interfere with performance. In this final project, a trainer module was designed regarding splicing and measuring fiber attenuation to help students understand how to connect optics properly and correctly. This module uses devices such as ODP and OTB which are connected to each other. The research results show that the highest attenuation measured was 20.15 dB, while the lowest attenuation value was 0.29 dB. Attenuation corresponding to the calculated link budget of 1.7605 dB indicates good results, while high attenuation indicates poor quality.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mellya Gusriva Nilna, Aprinal Adila Asril, Lifwarda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Installation and Activation of Fiber To The Home (FTTH) Network Using Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) Technology and Quality of Service (QoS) Analysis
This research discusses the design, implementation, and evaluation of Fiber to the Home (FTTH) networks using Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) technology, including network topology design, device installation, activation, and quality of service analysis. Attenuation measurements were conducted before and after activation to ensure compliance with ITU-T G.984 standards, while Quality of Service (QoS) analysis using Wireshark application evaluated parameters such as throughput, packet loss, delay, and jitter. Results show an increase in network efficiency after activation, with a decrease in attenuation. QoS measurements showed excellent network performance, with high throughput (2,595 Kbps), no packet loss, low delay (3.106 ms), and minimal jitter (3.128 ms). This study provides a comprehensive overview of FTTH network implementation and the importance of quality of service evaluation to ensure optimal performance for end users. The systematic approach used can be a valuable guide for telecom operators and internet service providers in implementing reliable and efficient FTTH networks. The study also emphasizes the importance of continuous monitoring and evaluation of network performance, contributing to the technical understanding of FTTH implementation and highlighting the implications for end-user experience as well as the potential for future broadband service development.
Copyright (c) 2024 Zardi Ramadan, Yulindon, Yustini, Aprinal Adila Asril https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Design of Fiber Optic-Based Trainer Module with Bus Topology Method Using Optical Distribution Point
The fiber optic based trainer module designed for Politeknik Negeri Padang, especially in the Telecommunication Engineering Study Program for the Fiber Optic Communication System course, aims to improve students' understanding of optical fiber. This module provides an opportunity for students to practice optical fiber splicing and identify problems in the bus topology directly. The module design includes a block diagram showing the components and tools used, including an HLS (Heights Light Source) to provide the input signal and an OPM (Optical Power Meter) to measure the optical power at the Optical Distribution Point (ODP). Measurements are made to ensure attenuation in accordance with the predetermined link budget value: ODP1 with passive splitter 1:2 (8.0007 dB), ODP2 with passive splitter 1:4 (18.4517 dB), ODP3 with passive splitter 1:4 (28.9035 dB), and ODP4 with passive splitter 1:4 (38.555 dB). The measurement results show that correctly performed splicing results in attenuation below the link budget value. However, in ODP1, the disconnection of the pigtail caused the attenuation to exceed the link budget value by -50.00 dBm. The module proved to be effective in teaching but requires more attention to pigtail maintenance and the addition of a troubleshooting guide to improve its reliability.
Copyright (c) 2025 Syifa Aqilla, Popy Maria, Firdaus, Aprinal Adila Asril https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Analysis of Dirty Adapters and Dirty Connectors on Fiber Optic Transmission
The author conducts research on dirty adapters and dirty connectors in fiber optic transmission to determine the value or attenuation that will be produced due to the influence of dirty adapters and dirty connectors. This study was conducted to evaluate the attenuation value due to dirty adapters and dirty connectors in fiber optic transmission before and after the use of Passive Splitter 1: 16. The method used includes the initial step of calibration between the Optical Power Meter (OPM) and Handheld Light Source (HLS). The HLS was connected to the first Optical Distribution Point (ODP) with a patch cord cable to provide attenuation, and data was taken at the second ODP using the OPM. The power data received on the unproblematic core (gray) without the 1:16 Passive Splitter was 0.65 dB, while with the 1:16 Passive Splitter the attenuation increased to 13.71 dB. The red dirty adapter causes 5.99 dB of attenuation without the Passive Splitter 1:16 and 19.21 dB with the Passive Splitter 1:16. The brown dirty connector exhibits an attenuation of 4.68 dB without the Passive Splitter 1:16 and 19.08 dB with the Passive Splitter 1:16. These findings suggest that the physical condition and cleanliness of the components significantly impact the attenuation in the fiber optic network.
Copyright (c) 2024 Muhammad Fachrel Farhan, Popy Maria, Amelia Yolanda, Aprinal Adila Asril https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Network Design Planning for Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) in Nagari Rangkiang Luluih, Solok Regency
The public truly needs technological advancements, particularly internet networks, in order to access information such as phone, data, and video services, all of which are growing in volume. This requirement also holds true for isolated places without internet connectivity, like Nagari Rangkiang Luluih. The primary barrier to building telecommunications infrastructure, such as Base Transceiver Stations (BTS), which are more expensive than BTS, is geographic conditions. For isolated Indonesian locations without access to a telecommunications network, such as Rangkiang Luluih, VSAT technology offers a practical alternative in the form of dependable and constant internet connections. VSAT provides greater coverage and increased dependability by acting as a repeater for satellite communications. greater than BTS, particularly in regions with challenging topography. When compared to BTS technology, the design findings demonstrate that VSAT is a more cost-effective and efficient option. Planning the VSAT network design in Nagari Rangkiang Luluih yielded optimal parameter values for internet access services in the Tigo Lurah District, Solok Regency, and the hilly, forested, and valleyous remote areas. These values included an average delay of 34.08 ms, a throughput of 379.66 bps, a jitter of 10.58 ms, and a packet loss of 0%.
Copyright (c) 2024 Roni Saputra, Uzma Septima, Herry Setiawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Assessment of the groundwater quality in Sebha, Libya, for drinking purposes
The study examined water samples from wells in Sebha, analyzing their physicochemical properties such as pH, EC, TDS, Cl-, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, NO3-, HCO3-, TH, and SO42-. The results revealed significant increases in EC, TDS, Cl-, Na+, K+, Ca2+, NO3-, TH, and SO42- concentrations. However, pH, Mg2+, and HCO3- remained within permissible limits set by Libyan and World Health Organization standards. The study also noted more pronounced changes in the physicochemical properties of water from wells in Abd-Alkafi1, Abd-Alkafi2, and Aljadeed on the western side of Sebha compared to those in Alnaserayah and Hajara on the eastern side. Correlation analysis showed strong positive correlations between EC-TDS, TH-Ca2+, and K+-Na+ at a significant level of p<0.01, and positive correlations at a significant level of p<0.05 between EC- Cl-, Cl--HCO3-, Cl-- K+, Cl--Na+, SO42- - Na+, HCO3-- NO3-, and HCO3-- K+. The strong correlation between Na+ and Cl- indicated high concentrations of these ions in most samples, likely formed from chloride salts through chemical weathering. Similarly, a positive correlation between SO4-- and Na+ suggested that some of these ions resulted from weathering of magnesium and sodium minerals. The Water Quality Index (WQI) categorized water from Alnaserayah and Hajara as suitable for drinking, while water from Abd-Alkafi2, Abd-Alkafi1, and Aljadeed was deemed poor quality. Comparing the current results to a 2001 study revealed a significant increase in the measured elements' concentrations and deterioration in water quality.
Copyright (c) 2024 Mohammed Hamdan, Kaes Rateb Iessa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Optimizing Content Hit Rate On Named Data Network Using Multilevel Content Store
The internet is a technology that allows users to exchange information more flexibly. As internet service users increase, communication not only between humans but also between machines (IoT), so does the need for internet access. With the architecture in use today, IP based network, Requires users to access the server / producer (of the content) to obtain the desired content. This architecture will meet with limitations where the density of network traffic will continue to increase. Named Data Network (NDN) is currently being developed as an internet supporting architecture which changes the interconnection paradigm that was previously address-based to the desired content/information. NDN which can support the needs of users to access content through the content caching feature. The content caching capability allows the router to store copies of content in memory for a specified period of time. So users who need content can simply access the closest source (content store). The scheme that is widely used in the content caching method is to place content in one large memory. This research develops a scheme where cache memory is divided into two levels (multilevel CS). The purpose of using multilevel CS is to improve the performance of the content store. Testing is done by comparing the single content store scheme and multilevel content store. The parameters tested are the hit rate, miss rate, and average content lifetime in the content store. As a test parameter is a large change in content store size, interest rate, topology grid size, and consumer deployment. From the simulation results, the 2-level content store scheme has better performance compared to conventional schemes.
Copyright (c) 2024 Muhammad Putra Pamungkas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Development of a Portable Spirometer with MPX5500DP Air Pressure Sensor and Atmega328 Microcontroller
This study presents the development of a groundbreaking portable spirometer designed to improve respiratory health monitoring by addressing the limitations of traditional, bulky spirometers that are confined to clinical settings. The device leverages the MPX5500DP air pressure sensor and the Atmega328 microcontroller to deliver accurate and sensitive measurements of air pressure changes, which are crucial for assessing lung volume and airflow. The integration of these components enables the spirometer to convert air pressure variations into electrical signals. These signals are processed by the microcontroller and displayed on an LCD screen, providing users with clear and precise lung function data. Rigorous testing and calibration of the spirometer have validated its performance, showing an overall accuracy of 94% for voltage measurements. Functional testing further confirms the device's precision, achieving an impressive 99.14% accuracy for inspiration capacity and 85.51% for expiration capacity. These results underscore the device’s reliability and effectiveness as a significant advancement in respiratory health technology. Its portable and user-friendly design makes it a practical tool for both personal health monitoring and clinical applications. By enhancing the accessibility and ease of respiratory assessments, this spirometer has the potential to improve everyday health management and clinical evaluations, thus representing a substantial leap forward in the field of respiratory health technology.
Copyright (c) 2024 Dona Juliandri, Erliwati, Frenzi Agres Yudithia, Fikri Febrian https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Android-based Calorie Counting Monitoring Application Using Accelerometer Sensor
The rapid evolution of wearable health monitoring technology, especially in the domain of calorie counting devices, underscores a notable advancement in integrating sensors with wireless communication for real-time health tracking. This study evaluates the design and performance of an Android-based calorie counting device that combines the MPU6050 accelerometer with the Wemos ESP8266 module. This integration is pivotal for delivering accurate caloric expenditure measurements. Testing revealed that the device operates with a high level of precision, achieving an average voltage measurement accuracy of 97.15%. Specifically, the battery voltage measured at 3.99V DC falls comfortably within the acceptable range of 3.7V DC to 4.2V DC. The TP4056 charger module, Wemos D1 R1 Mini, and MPU6050 accelerometer all maintained consistent voltages of 4.9V DC, aligning with their specified ranges. This consistency in voltage measurements indicates that the device components function within their designed parameters. Additionally, the device’s effective integration with the Blynk app significantly enhances its functionality. Users can input personal details such as age and step length into the app, which then accurately computes and displays the calories burned. This seamless interaction between hardware and software demonstrates the device’s capability to provide real-time health data effectively. Overall, the device exhibits reliable operation and precise performance, validating its design and confirming its successful operation within the anticipated parameters. This advancement contributes to the growing field of wearable technology by offering users a robust tool for health monitoring
Copyright (c) 2024 Erliwati, Dona Juliandri, Frenzi Agres Yudithia, Rani Wilda Sandella https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Smart Air Humidifier For Air-conditioned Rooms Based On NodeMCU ESP8266
The advent of smart technology has significantly revolutionized home appliance management, with notable advancements including the development of smart air humidifiers. This paper delves into the design, implementation, and performance evaluation of an advanced air humidifier specifically engineered for air-conditioned environments, emphasizing its integration with mobile phone technology. The innovative device incorporates the NodeMCU ESP8266 microcontroller, which facilitates Wi-Fi connectivity, and the DHT22 sensor, known for its precise temperature and humidity measurements. Key features of this humidifier include a Mist Maker that enhances humidity levels, an LCD display for real-time data visualization, and remote control capabilities via the Blynk app. Comparative performance testing of the DHT22 sensor against the HTC-1 Thermometer Hygrometer demonstrated high accuracy, with an average temperature error of 1.89% and a humidity error of 1.87%, resulting in accuracies of 98.11% and 98.13%, respectively. The humidifier effectively maintained desired humidity levels by toggling between on and off states within a 44% to 45% relative humidity range. This smart humidifier represents a significant leap forward in indoor climate management, offering superior user convenience and comfort. By harnessing modern microcontroller technology and advanced sensors, it delivers considerable improvements over traditional models, making it an invaluable tool for sustaining optimal indoor conditions in air-conditioned spaces.
Copyright (c) 2024 Frenzi Agres Yudithia, Deri Latika Herda, Al Hafizh Wahyudi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The use of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) Approach to develop L2 Speaking Proficiency at Vocational Students in South Aceh Polytechnic
Many information and knowledges delivered in English. To support students’ skill, the vocational students in South Aceh Polytechnic are required to learn English in each semester. Learning English as a second or foreign language (L2) is so challenging for the students. They find problems in producing target language. A special challenging is oral communication. Difficult Speaking habits such as lack of grammar knowledge and vocabulary, poor pronunciation skills, lack of confident to start speaking with more competent speakers of English. Therefore, the researcher conducted the research in South Aceh Polytechnic to increase students’ speaking ability by teaching them using Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) approach. This study discussed the nature of L2 speaking with the development of communicative skills. The methodology of this study was an experimental research which used quasi experimental design. This research was conducted especially for computer engineering students which consisted of 39 students as a sample. There were two classes, one class as an experimental group and another class as a control group. The teacher gave treatment in experimental group by providing relevant context in learning target language, and the researcher also wanted to know their responses toward the CLT Approach. The instruments that used by the researcher in this study was pretest, posttest, and questionnaire. The result of this study showed that there are any significant differences between the students who are given treatment. It proved by the student scores in posttest. In essence, this approach effectively helped students in enhancing L2 speaking proficiency and encourage their confident in speaking.
Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) approach
Copyright (c) 2024 Dina Miftahul Jannah, Hasbaini Bean https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Effectiveness of Lecture Media and Poster Media Education Methods in Preventing Anemia in Female Students at the Darul Wustha Islamic Boarding School
Anemia in adolescent girls is still quite high, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), the prevalence of anemia in the world ranges from 40-88%. According to WHO, the incidence of anemia in adolescent girls in developing countries is around 53.7% of all teenage girls, anemia often attacks teenage girls due to stress, menstruation, or late meals. Data on the prevalence of anemia in teenage girls for the South Aceh Provincial Health Office is not yet available, as is the prevalence for female students at the Darul Wustha Islamic Boarding School Dayah, West Labuhan Haji District. This is because routine monitoring of anemia has never been carried out. However, the results of research that has been conducted in several areas in South Aceh still show a high incidence of anemia in adolescent girls. Zubir's 2018 study of Adolescent Girls at the AsSyifa School Health Vocational School in Banda Aceh showed that 44% had moderate anemia. Mirani's 2021 study found that the prevalence of anemia in female adolescents with iron deficiency in Langsa City was 33.7%. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of knowledge about anemia before and after providing counseling using lecture methods and poster media to female students at the Darulwustha Islamic Boarding School Dayah, West Labuhanhaji District, South Aceh Regency. This study used a quasi-experimental method and utilized a pretest and posttest design, namely by taking initial measurements before and after treatment was given. The population in this study were all new female students totaling 40 people. The results of this study with a pre-test value of 7.96, a post-test value of 17.18, and a PValue value of 0.000.
Copyright (c) 2024 Asmanidar Asmanidar, Rasima Rasima, Julissasman Julissasman, Hasritawati Hasritawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Assessment of the Concentrations of some Heavy Metals in some Vegetables Traded in the Local Market in Sebha City - Libya
Consuming vegetables as food offers rapid and least means of providing adequate vitamins, minerals, and fibers. Vegetables used as food include those used in making soups or as integral parts of the primary sources of a meal. Leafy vegetables occupy a significant place in the human diet. Environmental exposure to heavy metals is a well-known risk factor for human health. The concentration of the heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Cd, and Cr) in vegetables from the Sebha market was determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy AAS). In the Sebha local market, different vegetable types from different locations are marketed. Therefore this investigation was conducted to study the state of the accumulation of some heavy metals such as Cu, Cd, Pb and Cr. in some selected vegetables which include Solanum tuberosum (Potatoes), Allium cepa L. (Onion), Daucus Corota L. (Carrot), Cucurbita Pepo (Courgette), Solanum melongena L. (Eggplant), Lactuca sativa L. (Lettuce), Petroselinum crispum (mill.) Nym. (Parsley) and Spinacea oleracea (Spinach). The mean levels of these heavy metals ranged from 0.0-0.03, 0.0-2.36 and 0.0.0-8.13. ppm for Pb, Cd, and Cr. respectively. Among the vegetables studied, Cd and Cr exceeded the allowable limits recommended by WHO/FAO in some vegetables, whereas Cu and Pb concentrations are under the detectable limit. Statistical analysis shows a positive correlation between Cd and Cr at 0.01 and between Cd and Cr, Cd and Pb at 0.05.
Copyright (c) 2024 Kaes Rateb Iessa, Mohammed Hamdan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Evaluation of heavy metal content in agricultural soil fertilized with chemical fertilizers in the Tasawa Agricultural Project, Libya
The Tasawa agricultural project was constructed to produce grains in the southern region. The project has employed various chemical fertilizers to enhance agricultural production. However, the use of these fertilizers may lead to the accumulation of heavy metals in the soil. Soil samples taken from the project site showed a mean concentration of Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Cadmium (Cd), Manganese (Mn), Zinc (Zn), Nickel (Ni), and Iron (Fe) at 25.97±11.02, 0.95±0.94, 4.37±3.23, 12.26±7.59, 2.21±2.98, 9.15±10.93, and 267.50±84.96 mg/kg, respectively. The geochemical pollution index (Igeo) shows the non-pollution of Cu, Cd and Zn, while Cr, Mn, Ni, and Fe are unpolluted or slightly polluted. Pearson correlation coefficient indicated a significant positive correlation between Fe-Mn (r=.987**), a significant negative correlation between Mn-Cr (r = -.943**) and a negative correlation between Fe-Cr (r= -.878*).
Copyright (c) 2024 Kaes Rateb Iessa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0